一、現在完成時(shí)

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現在造成的影響或結果或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續到現在。

二、句子結構

主語(yǔ)+ has/have + done (過(guò)去分詞)

三、基本用法

用法	示例
表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對現在 造成的影響或結果。	He has already obtained a scholarship. 他已經(jīng)獲得了一份獎學(xué)金。 I haven’t seen much of him recently. 我最近已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有看到他。
表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續到現在 也許還要持續下去，常和for, since連用。	Peter has written six papers for three years. 三年內彼得已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了六篇論文。 He has lived here since 2005. 自從2005年以來(lái)，他一直住在這兒。

四、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

1. yet (常用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中), already (常用于肯定句中)

2. since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過(guò)去時(shí)的從句(譯為：自從…以來(lái))

3. for+時(shí)間段

4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…

5. in the past / last few days

五、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的規則變化

情況	變形	示例
一般情況	加-ed	work-worked visit-visited
以不發(fā)音字母e結尾	加-d	live-lived
輔音字母加y結尾	把y變i，加-ed	study-studied cry-cried
重讀閉音節結尾	雙寫(xiě)尾字母，再加-ed	stop-stopped drop-dropped

六、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的不規則變化：

	原形	過(guò)去式	過(guò)去分詞
AAA型	burst hurt cut hit read	burst hurt cut hit read	burst hurt cut hit read
AAB型	beat	beat	beaten
ABA型	run come	ran came	run come
ABB型	bring buy catch feel find keep make teach tell think	brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought	brought bought caught felt found kept made taught told thought
ABC型	begin break choose drive forget give know swim write	began broke chose drove forgot gave knew swam wrote	begun broken chosen driven forgotten given known swum written

七、相關(guān)句式

	has	have
主語(yǔ)	第三人稱(chēng)單數	第一/二人稱(chēng)單數/復數
肯定式	He has turned the light off.	They have already read this book.
否定式	He hasn’t turned the light off.	They haven’t read this book yet.
疑問(wèn)式	Has he turned the light off?	Have they read this book yet?
簡(jiǎn)略回答	Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.	Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have + done+其它.

否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have +not+ done+其它.

一般疑問(wèn)句：Has/ Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?

答語(yǔ)：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have. / No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t

八、瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續性動(dòng)詞之間的轉換：

在完成時(shí)中，一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞不能直接與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(for, since等)連用。此時(shí)須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

buy (bought)	have/hashad買(mǎi)
borrow(borrowed)	have/haskept借
die(died)	have/hasbeendead死
leave (left)	have/hasbeenaway(from)離開(kāi)
begin(began)	have/hasbeenon開(kāi)始
join(joined)	have/hasbeenin參加
go(went)	have/hasbeenthere/in去
come/arrive/reach/getto	have/hasbeenhere/in來(lái)/達
end(ended)	have/hasbeenover結束

例：Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.

---Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.

---Ithasbeenfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.

用“be+形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞

1. “ be+married”代替marry

2. “be+ill”代替fall(get)ill

3. “be+dead”代替die

4. “be+asleep”代替fall(get)asleep

5. “be+awake”代替wake/wakeup

6. “be+gone”代替lose, die, sell, leave

7. “be+open”代替open

8. “beclosed”代替close/shut

用“be+副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞

1. “be+on”代替start, begin

2. “be+up”代替getup

3. “be+back(to)”代替returnto, comebackto, gobackto

4. “behere(there)”代替come(arrive, reach, get)here或go(arrive, reach, get)there等等

用“be+介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞

1.”bein/at+地點(diǎn)”代替goto/cometo

2.”用beinthearmy”代替jointhearmy

3.”bein/at+地點(diǎn)”代替moveto

一、考點(diǎn)：

現在完成時(shí)的基本用法和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);以及動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。

二、易錯點(diǎn)：

has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in)三者的區別。

1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，(現未回來(lái))(不可與for+一段時(shí)間連用)。

例：---Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里?

---Hehas gone toShanghai.他已經(jīng)去了上海。

2. has been to：表示去過(guò)某地，(現已回來(lái))(不可與for+一段時(shí)間連用)。

 

例：Ihave been toNew York three times so far.

到目前為止，我已經(jīng)去過(guò)紐約三次了。

3. has been in：表示一直呆在某地，常與時(shí)間段搭配。

例：Ihave been inthe army for more than 5 years.

我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。

題模一：基本用法

例1.1.1

I _________ already _________ in this school for three years.

A．was; studying	B．are; studying
C．will; study	D．have; studied

例1.1.2

I _________ English since 2010.

A．have learnt	B．have learn
C．learnt	D．learn

例1.1.3

I _________ my pencil yet.

A．have find	B．haven’t found
C．found	D．find

例1.1.4

Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He _________ to his office.

A．has been	B．has gone
C．has go	D．went

題模二：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞變化規則

例1.2.1

用動(dòng)詞的適當形式填空。

1. She _________ (live) in Hubei for two years.

例1.2.2

You needn’t tell him. I _________ (tell) him already.

例1.2.3

We _________ just _________ (have) our lunch.

例1.2.4

Peter _________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.

例1.2.5

They _________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

題模三：句型轉換

例1.3.1

I have been there for two years.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

例1.3.2

My father has lived here since 2000.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

隨練1.1

Zhao Lan _________ already _________ in this school for two years.

A．was; studying	B．will; study
C．has; studied	D．are; studying

隨練1.2

We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

A．know	B．had known
C．have known	D．knew

隨練1.3

His father _________ the Party since 1978.

A．joined	B．has joined
C．was in	D．has been in

隨練1.4

---Our country _________ a lot so far.

---Yes. I hope it will be even _________.

 

A.has changed; well

 

B.changed; good

 

C.has changed; better

 

D.changed; better

隨練1.5

Her grandfather _________ for two years.

A．has been dead	B．has died
C．died	D．has been died

隨練1.6

用動(dòng)詞的適當形式填空。

1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2. Both of them _________ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.

3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).

4. Mary lost her pen. _________ you_________ (see) it here and there?

5. _________ you _________ (find) your watch yet?

6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _________ (go) to the library.

隨練1.7

Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library

A．went	B．was
C．has gone	D．has been

隨練1.8

句型轉換

1. IhaveeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

2. I’veworkedherefortenyears.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

3. Mikehasalreadyfoundhiswatch.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

作業(yè)1

---Do you know him well?

--- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.

A．were	B．have been
C．have become	D．have made

作業(yè)2

Tom and Jack _________ West Hill Farm already.

A．have got	B．have arrived at
C．have been to	D．have reached

作業(yè)3

---Where have you _________, Kate?

---I’ve _________ to the bank.

A．gone; gone	B．been; been
C．gone; been	D．been; gone

作業(yè)4

My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.

A．have been in	B．have been to
C．have gone to	D．have been

作業(yè)5

Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.

 

A.had begun

 

B.has been on

 

C.began.

作業(yè)6

用動(dòng)詞的適當形式填空。

1. We _________ already _________ (return) the book.

2. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.

3. Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.

4. ---Are you thirsty?

---No, I _________ just _________ (have) some orange.

5. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.

6. ---Where is Jim?

--- He _________ (go) to England.

作業(yè)7

句型轉換

1. Lindahasgonetotheteacher’soffice.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

2. Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

3. Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.

否定句：___________________________________

疑問(wèn)句：___________________________________

肯定回答：___________________________________

否定回答：___________________________________

答案解析

題模一：基本用法

例1.1.1

【答案】D

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。already和for+時(shí)間段 是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。再由句意“我已經(jīng)在這個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)習了三年了。”可知，故選D。

例1.1.2

【答案】A

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。再由句意“自從2000年我就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。”可知，故選A。

例1.1.3

【答案】B

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。yet是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。再由句意“我還沒(méi)有找到我的筆。”故選B。

例1.1.4

【答案】B

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。has/have been to去過(guò)某地，現已回;has/have gone to去了某地，現未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去辦公室來(lái)了。”可知，故選B。

題模二：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞變化規則

例1.2.1

 

【答案】has lived

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。for+時(shí)間段 是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。live的過(guò)去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。

例1.2.2

 

【答案】have told

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。already是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。tell的過(guò)去分詞形式為told。故填have told。

例1.2.3

 

【答案】have; had

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。just是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。have的過(guò)去分詞形式為had。故填have;had。

例1.2.4

 

【答案】has lived

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。live的過(guò)去分詞形式為lived。故填has lived。

例1.2.5

 

【答案】haven’t read

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。yet是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。read的過(guò)去分詞形式為read。故填haven’t read。

題模三：句型轉換

例1.3.1

 

【答案】否定句：I haven’t been there for two years.

疑問(wèn)句：Have you been there for two years?

肯定回答：Yes, I have.

否定回答：No, I haven’t.

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

例1.3.2

 

【答案】否定句：My father hasn’t lived here since 2000.

疑問(wèn)句：Has your father lived here since 2000?

肯定回答：Yes, he has.

否定回答：No, he hasn’t.

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were. 否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

隨練1.1

【答案】C

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。already和for+時(shí)間段是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。

隨練1.2

【答案】C

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。

隨練1.3

【答案】D

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選D。

隨練1.4

【答案】C

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。so far是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。

隨練1.5

【答案】A

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。for+時(shí)間段 是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選A。

隨練1.6

 

【答案】1. lived

2. have been

3. has passed; left

4. Have; seen

5. Have; found

6. have gone

 

【解析】1.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填lived。

2.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。for+時(shí)間段 是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填have been。

3.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填has passed; left。

4.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。由句意可知瑪麗丟了自己的筆，此事對現在造成影響，以至于問(wèn)別人有沒(méi)有看到。故填Have; seen。

5.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。yet是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填Have; found。

6.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。由句意可知“同班同學(xué)已經(jīng)去了圖書(shū)館”。故填have gone。

隨練1.7

【答案】C

 

【解析】現在完成時(shí)。

隨練1.8

 

【答案】1.否定句：Ihaven’teverbeentoIndiaandRussia.

疑問(wèn)句：Have you ever been to India and Russia?

肯定回答：Yes, I have.

否定回答：No, I haven’t.

2.否定句：I haven’tworkedherefortenyears.

疑問(wèn)句：Have you worked here for ten years?

肯定回答：Yes, I have.

否定回答：No, I haven’t.

3.否定句：Mikehasn’tfoundhiswatch yet.

疑問(wèn)句：Has Mikefoundhiswatch yet?

肯定回答：Yes, he has.

否定回答：No, he hasn’t.

 

【解析】1.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

2.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

3.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

作業(yè)1

【答案】B

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選B。

作業(yè)2

【答案】D

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。already是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選D。

作業(yè)3

【答案】B

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。has/have been to去過(guò)某地現已回，再由句意可知，故選A。

作業(yè)4

【答案】A

 

【解析】考查現在完成時(shí)。has/ have been in待在某地，可以跟一段時(shí)間連用。再由句意可知，故選B。

作業(yè)5

【答案】C

 

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)，根據for ten minutes可知表示動(dòng)詞的持續，故選擇用持續性動(dòng)詞been on，選項C正確。

作業(yè)6

 

【答案】1. have; returned

2. has read

3. has finished

4. have; had

5. has read

6. has gone

 

【解析】1.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。already是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填have; returned。

2.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。since是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填has read。

3.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。already是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填has finished。

4.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。just是現在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填have; had。

5.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。故填has read。

6.考查現在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的變化規則。has/ have gone to去了某地還未回，再由句意可知，故填has gone。

作業(yè)7

 

【答案】1.否定句：Lindahasn’t gonetotheteacher’soffice.

疑問(wèn)句：Has Lindagonetotheteacher’soffice?

肯定回答：Yes, he has.

否定回答：No, he hasn’t.

2.否定句：Ihaven’t seenthefilm yet.

疑問(wèn)句：Have you seen the film yet?

肯定回答：Yes, I have.

否定回答：No, I haven’t.

3.否定句：Shehasn’twatchedthefilmtwice.

疑問(wèn)句：Has shewatchedthefilmtwice?

肯定回答：Yes, she has.

否定回答：No, she hasn’t.

 

【解析】1.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

2.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

3.考查現在完成時(shí)的句型轉換�？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+done+其它。疑問(wèn)句：Has/Have+主語(yǔ)+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.

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