來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源 2023-10-01 13:52:52
一. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的含義
表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
I didn’t know if he would come.
我不知道他是否會(huì )來(lái)。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他們從來(lái)都不知道人口問(wèn)題將會(huì )成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.
她沒(méi)有告訴我她要去哪兒。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
貝蒂說(shuō)下周六她要去參觀(guān)長(cháng)城。
構成
Structure
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱(chēng))或would(第二、三人稱(chēng))+動(dòng)詞原形”構成。在美國英語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。
同一般將來(lái)時(shí),把系動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式,把will,shall變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。句型如下:
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定句:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
疑問(wèn)句:Be(Was,Were)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定句:主語(yǔ)+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形 +其他
疑問(wèn)句:Would(Should)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
二. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
(1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(The Past Future tense)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有later,soon,the next(day)等。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),而應該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如:
would pay
He promised that heme a lot if I helpedhimwith the project.
would sit down
他答應付給我許多錢(qián)如果我幫助他搞那個(gè)項目。Everytimewhenhewas free, heand readsome books.
每次只要他有空他就會(huì )坐下來(lái)看看書(shū)。
(2)表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀(guān)認為的事情用was/weregoingto(+動(dòng)詞原形)。
如:
would
She told me shebe 18 the next month.
她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了。
was going to
Shetoldmethat shehave a walk with her pet dog.
她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步。
1.“would+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀(guān)意愿的將來(lái)。例如:
He said he would come to see me.
他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告訴我他將去北京。
2.“was/ were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once.
她說(shuō)她將立即出發(fā)。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告訴我他準備回家。
此結構還可表示根據某種跡象來(lái)看,很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看來(lái)好像要下雨。
3. come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他說(shuō)火車(chē)將于第二天早晨六點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告訴我她要來(lái)看我。
4. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老師說(shuō),如果我不努力學(xué)習的話(huà),就很難取得進(jìn)步。
常見(jiàn)考法
對于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的考查,多以單選、詞語(yǔ)運用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì )讓大家判斷是否該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),以及如何正確使用。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)多用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
典型例題1:He said he some cakes for me.but now he hasn't come bake yet.
A will buy B would buy C bought D buy
解析:從后句中“現在他還沒(méi)回來(lái)”可知是“他過(guò)去說(shuō)他將要買(mǎi)蛋糕給我”,相對于他說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),買(mǎi)蛋糕是將要發(fā)生的事情,所以用 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would buy.
答案:B
三. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)典型錯誤例析
1. 我們不知道他是否要在會(huì )上發(fā)言。
誤:We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正:We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析:該句主句為過(guò)去時(shí),且賓語(yǔ)從句表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以從句要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
2. 老師問(wèn)湯姆長(cháng)大后準備干什么。
誤:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析:在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
3. 他們說(shuō)如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場(chǎng)。
誤:They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正:They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析:在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,也常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
4. 王林打電話(huà)告訴她媽媽?zhuān)I(mǎi)一些書(shū)。
誤:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析:過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可以由“助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”構成,但should一般只用于第一人稱(chēng)。而would可用于各種人稱(chēng)。
誤區提醒
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是一個(gè)較為簡(jiǎn)單的知識點(diǎn),在初中階段,要牢記住它的構成以及用法“在賓語(yǔ)從句中,當主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句要表達將要發(fā)生的事情時(shí),用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)”,在考試中這一點(diǎn)經(jīng)常出現。
典型例題1:She told us she (see) a movie with us if she was free.
解析:題干的意思是“她告訴我們,如果她有空,她將會(huì )和我們一起看電影”,“看電影”還沒(méi)發(fā)生,要用將來(lái)時(shí),而主句told是一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。所以用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
答案:would see或was going to see
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