類(lèi)型一 閱讀選擇型
解題方法探究
考點(diǎn)1 細節理解題
此類(lèi)試題要求考生對文章的內容全盤(pán)理解,然后根據主旨大意的事實(shí)和細節來(lái)做題。
針對此類(lèi)題型,考生需要在有限的時(shí)間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,發(fā)現文章中的細節信息,然后遵循由整體到細節的原則,把握作者的思路。
[例題剖析] (2022年隨州市閱讀理解C節選)
As soon as Juliet and her mom went home ，Juliet painted a picture of the park and wrote a signin large black letters at the top of the picture.
Thesign read“PLEASE KEEP OUR PARK CLEAN”
Later , she took plenty of bags and went back to thepark with her mom. Juliet put up her picture on abig trash can(垃圾桶).
49. Juliet drew the picture to
A. show off her painting skills .
B. give her mom a big surprise
C. show people how beautiful the park was
D. encourage people to keep the park clean
[解析]根據“Juliet painted a picture of the parkand wrote a sign in large black letters at the top of the picture. The sign read ‘PLEASE KEEP OUR PARK CLEAN'.”
可知,Juliet畫(huà)了一張公園的畫(huà),并且用大黑字在畫(huà)的上方寫(xiě)到“請保持公園整潔”,意在鼓勵人們保持公園干凈。故選D。
考點(diǎn)2 推理判斷題
此類(lèi)試題必須根據上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或對整篇文章進(jìn)行深層理解后,通過(guò)邏輯推理才能得出答案
解題技巧就是抓住關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)、句子或段落，透徹理解文章內容。
[例題剖析](2020年黃石市閱讀理解B節選)
At this time, his father dropped a cherryonthe ground and Thomas picked it up quickly.andate it.
After a while， his father dropped anothercherry and once again, hisson lost some time inpicking it up and putting it in his mouth. AndSOthey went on.
The old farmer dropped the cherriesand the son picked them up.
When Thomas had eaten all the cherries, hisfather said to him,“My dear son, if you had bent(彎曲) down earlier to pick up that horseshoe, itwould not have been necessary for you to bend somany times for the cherries.
Always remember thelesson that anyone who doesnot worry about the .little things will find that he cannot do the greatthings.
54. The father dropped the cherries one by one,
because ，
A. he wanted to teach his son a lesson
B. he wanted hisson to do more exercise .
C. he wanted his son to eat them all
D. he wanted to play a joke
[解析]根據文中“WhenThomashadeatenallthecherries ,his father said to him,' My dear son, ifyou had bent down earlier to pick up that horseshoe'
推理可知,父親把櫻桃一個(gè)接一個(gè)的扔在地上，是想通過(guò)這件事給兒子一個(gè)教訓,讓他知道,想做成大事,必須從小事開(kāi)始做起 。故選A。
考點(diǎn)3詞義/句意猜 測題
中考閱讀理解中，詞義猜測題通�？疾榈氖巧~釋義和熟詞生義，給出的選項既有漢語(yǔ)形式,也有英文形式。
個(gè)別地區有猜測指示代詞具體所指的題型。
解答這類(lèi)題需要根據.上下文語(yǔ)境猜測詞義;
利用上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和線(xiàn)索,進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義。
考點(diǎn)4 主旨大意題
主旨/段落大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎上對文章內容或段落內容進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價(jià)。
解答這類(lèi)題目時(shí),不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)就斷章取義。
在涉及文章或段落
考點(diǎn)5 標題歸納題
標題應具有概括性、全面性和簡(jiǎn)潔性,若選項內容過(guò)寬或過(guò)窄,均有偏頗,應當排除;
標題一般以短語(yǔ)的形式出現,其中的詞常為文中多次出現的單詞或詞組。因此,還可通過(guò)文中的高頻詞匯來(lái)推斷標題。
[例題剖析](2022年武漢市)
All through grade school, I got extrahelp withschoolwork. IfI got a D, I was very happy. If I gotaC-minus ( C-)，I had achieved greatness.A'sand B's were a kingdom I could never enter.
Once my teacher, Miss Mills, had given me alist of ten spelling words.
My mother and I wentoverthe list until I knew those words. I felt great.I thought,“Wow! This time，I'm going to pass."”
”The next day, I went into the classroom and beganto write down the words.
The first word was carper. Iwrote that one down: c-a-r-p-e-t. I was feeling prettyconfident.
Then came neighbor-I wrote down theletter n. Then rhythm-I knew there was an r.
Suburban- I wrote s-u-b.Myconfidence failedme.
I had gone from 100 percent to maybe a D-mi-nus.
W here did the words go?
Some people talk about information sliding offyour brain.
That wasmy life.
I was an undera-chiever(未能充分發(fā)揮學(xué)習潛力者).
NowIknowIhavedyslexia(誦讀困難癥).
A person with dyslexia might see theas teh，andbird as brid. My brain learns differently.
A learningdisability can really change the way you feel aboutyourself.
Now I know that even if I learn differently,
Icanstill be filled with greatness.
Today when I visit schools as an actor，director ,and co-author of children's books, I tell children thateveryone has something special inside.
It'sourjob to ,find out what that is and get it out, and give it to theworld as a gift.
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