適用的場(chǎng)景

①過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”

-> 可以用by, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。

-> 句子演練1：Months had elapsed before I heard from my friend again.[好幾個(gè)月過(guò)去后我才再次收到朋友的信。]

②由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常和for, since構成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

-> 句子演練1：They said he had distributed the lands among the peasants since he became rich.[他們說(shuō)，他富裕之后就把土地分給了農民。]

-> peasants: n. (尤指昔日或貧窮國家的) 農民，小農，佃農; 老粗; 土包子; 沒(méi)教養的人;

③在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

->句子演練1：I returned the book that I had borrowed.[我已歸還了我借的書(shū)。]

->句子演練2：She found the key that she had lost.[她丟失的鑰匙找到了。]

④過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前

->句子演練1：I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.[我想知道是誰(shuí)未經(jīng)允許拿走了那把傘。]

⑤狀語(yǔ)從句里在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引導的從句。

⑥動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現的想法、希望、打算或意圖等

->句子演練1：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.[他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。]

->句子演練2：We had hoped to be able to come and see you.[我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。]

⑥過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly……when……, nosooner……than……, It was the first(second, etc)time(that)..等固定句型中

->句子演練1：He had no sooner had time to settle down than hesold the house and left the country.[他還沒(méi)等安頓下來(lái)就賣(mài)掉了房子，離開(kāi)了這個(gè)國家。]

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