來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源 2023-01-11 19:56:35
條件狀語(yǔ)從句的用法
A.if if表示正面條件,意為如果。
If you ask hm, he will help you.
如果你向他請求,他會(huì )幫助你。
Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我們不怕困難,困難就算不了什么了。
If I do not understand what he says, I always ask him.
我不懂他的話(huà)時(shí), 總是去問(wèn)他。(if = when)
比較:
if only和only if的對比。
if only 解釋但愿,要是?就好了,表示一個(gè)不可能實(shí)現愿望,要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
only if 解釋只有,等于only on condition that,從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.
只有當你給冰加熱,它才會(huì )變成水。
If only I knew!
要是我知道該多好。
B.unless
unless = if not, 表示反面條件,意思是如果不、除非。
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
除非明天下雨,否則他們會(huì )去的。
(They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.)
I won't let you in unless you show me your pass.
如果你不出示通行證,我就不讓你進(jìn)來(lái)。
(= I won't let you in if you don't show me your pass. )
注意:
if...not和unless通常是可以換用的。但在下列情況下,兩者是有區別的:
1.unless多引導真實(shí)條件句,if?ot可以引導真實(shí)條件句或非真實(shí)條件句。
Hewon't be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.
除非他努力,否則就通過(guò)不了期末考試。
He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard.
如果他不努力,就通過(guò)不了期末考試。
He would pass the final exams if he worked hard.
要是他努力的話(huà),他就會(huì )通過(guò)考試。(非真實(shí)條件句。含義是He doesn'twork hard.)
2.如果主句描述的是情感或情緒活動(dòng)方面的內容,if?ot結構不能換成unless。如:
I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening.
她今晚如果不來(lái)我很高興。
3.unless引導的狀語(yǔ)從句可用否定結構,而if?ot引導的從句不可再用否定結構。
Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand.
不要再叫我解釋了,除非你真的不懂。
4.uless能作為介詞使用,相當于except,而if?ot不可以。
Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.
這種事除非引起災禍之外不會(huì )有什么結果。
C.so long as, as long as, on condition that
這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思差不多,都表示只要,條件是……。
AsSo long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們灰心,我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards.
只要你用完后打掃干凈,你就可以使用這個(gè)房間。
D.in case
in case 既引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句,等于if it happens that。
In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
如果我忘了,請提醒我所做的承諾。
Send s a message in case you have any difficulty.
萬(wàn)一你有什么困難,請給我們一個(gè)信兒。
E.providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that
這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思相近,有如果,只要,假如等意思。
Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
考慮到他們缺乏經(jīng)驗,他們的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)
rovided Providing(that)we invite him, he would surely come to dinner.
假如我們邀請他的話(huà),他肯定會(huì )來(lái)吃飯的。
SupposeSupposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do
假設我們弄不到足夠的食物,那我們怎幺辦?(僅用于疑問(wèn)句)
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