過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基礎知識

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構成

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由“should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形”構成的。

He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.

昨天他問(wèn)我什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去巴黎。

They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier.

他們想知道怎樣才能早一點(diǎn)兒完成家庭作業(yè)。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法

一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。

a. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于間接引語(yǔ)中

He said they would arrange a party.

他說(shuō)他們將安排一個(gè)晚會(huì )。

I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.

我問(wèn)他是否來(lái)幫我修電視機。

b. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可用來(lái)表示非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.

如果我有機會(huì )出國學(xué)習的話(huà)，我就會(huì )去劍橋大學(xué)。

I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.

今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間其他表達法

a. was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形

He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.

他說(shuō)他退休后要住在農村。

They thought it was going to rain.

他們認為天要下雨了。

b. was/were +動(dòng)詞的-ing形式

Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.

沒(méi)人知道客人們是否要來(lái)。

I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.

我被告知火車(chē)幾分鐘后就要開(kāi)了。

c. was/were +動(dòng)詞不定式

She said she was to clean the classroom after school.

她說(shuō)她放學(xué)后要打掃教室。

It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River.

據報道長(cháng)江上將要再建一座大橋。

提示：

“was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”或“was/were + 動(dòng)詞不定式完成式”可表示未能實(shí)現的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。

Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.

上星期天我們本想去游覽長(cháng)城的，但卻下雨了。(沒(méi)有去成)

I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.

我是打算幫忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。(沒(méi)有幫上忙)

d. was/were about to do

“was/were about to do”表示說(shuō)話(huà)的瞬間就會(huì )發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

I felt something terrible was about to happen.

我覺(jué)得有可怕的事要發(fā)生了。

e. was/were on the point of doing

I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高興你來(lái)了。我正準備給你打電話(huà)，現在你省去我這個(gè)麻煩了。

提示：

“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”結構一般不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但后面可以接when引導的分句。

I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.

我正要動(dòng)身天突然下雨了。

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