(十一)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

1. 語(yǔ)態(tài)定義：英語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式稱(chēng)為語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主動(dòng)) English is taught in our school .(被動(dòng))

2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：助動(dòng)詞Be 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(be p.p.)，be有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數的變化。見(jiàn)下表：

時(shí) 態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 例 子

一般現在時(shí) Am / is / are 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 Colour TVs are made in the factory .

一般過(guò)去時(shí) Was / were 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .

一般將來(lái)時(shí) Shall / will be 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The film will be shown again .

現在進(jìn)行時(shí) Am / is / are being 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The walls are being painted .

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) Was / were being動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The tickets were being well sold then .

現在完成時(shí) Has / have been 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 A new road has been built here .

時(shí) 態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 例 子

過(guò)去完成時(shí) Had been 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 Much had been done before mother came back .

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The composition must be handed in today .

3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中值得注意的問(wèn)題：

○1 帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，可以把任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)，一般在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當的介詞。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .

○2 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .

○3 在英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)

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