(一)句子種類(lèi)概述

句子按種類(lèi)可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。

(二)基礎知識梳理

1.陳述句

陳述句用來(lái)說(shuō)明事實(shí)或表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的看法。

1)陳述句的肯定形式。如：

We are students.

We must obey the traffic rules.

We clean the room every day.

2)陳述句的否定形式

把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況：

(1)在be，have，will，shall(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)后直接加not。如：

We aren't students.

You needn't hand in your homework today.

(2)在助動(dòng)詞do，does，或did后加not，再把它們放在行為動(dòng)詞前面，而行為動(dòng)詞用原形。如：

We don't clean the room every day.

(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現no，nobody，few，little，neither，hardly，nor，never等。如：

There are no books on the desk.

I can hardly answer your question.

Neither of the twins is a doctor.

2.疑問(wèn)句

疑問(wèn)句就是提出問(wèn)題，讓對方作出回答。英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問(wèn)句，即一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句。

1)一般疑問(wèn)句

用于詢(xún)問(wèn)一個(gè)事實(shí)是否屬實(shí)，其回答通常是Yes或No。其結構為：

be，will，have，助動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ) (主動(dòng)詞)/賓語(yǔ)

如：Is she a university teacher?

Will it be windy tomorrow?

Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?

2)特殊疑問(wèn)句

特殊疑問(wèn)句對句中某一特定部分提問(wèn)，以特殊疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭根據實(shí)際情況，不必用Yes或No回答。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有what，who，whom，when，what，time，where，why，which，whose，how old，how many 可數名詞復數，how much 不可數名詞，how long，how far，how fast，how soon等。其結構為：

疑問(wèn)句 一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)句

如：Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?

What are you doing now?

How long have you lived here?

3)選擇疑問(wèn)句

選擇疑問(wèn)句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況，詢(xún)問(wèn)對方選擇哪一種�；卮饡r(shí)選擇一種，不必用Yes或No。

一般疑問(wèn)句 A or B

如：Is there any coffee or water in the cup?

Do you often play basketball or play the piano?

特殊疑問(wèn)句，A or B? 或A，B or C?

如：Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?

Which do you like better, the record or the ball?

4)反意疑問(wèn)句

由兩部分組成，前半句為陳述句，后半句是一個(gè)附著(zhù)在前半句上的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，回答時(shí)用Yes或No。它的構成和回答主要如下：

(1)肯定陳述句 否定附加疑問(wèn)部分?#p#分頁(yè)標題#e#

如：They are interested in collecting stamps, aren't they?

一Yes，they are. 是的，他們對集郵感興趣的。

一No，they aren't. 不，他們對集郵不感興趣的。

(2)否定陳述句 肯定附加疑問(wèn)部分?

如：Tom didn't pass the exam, did he?

一Yes，he did. 不，他通過(guò)考試。

一No，he didn't. 9是，他沒(méi)通過(guò)。

3.祈使句

祈使句表示請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等。

1)祈使句的肯定結構

如：Come in，please.

Let me have a try.

Let's go to the cinema together.

2)祈使句的否定結構是在動(dòng)詞前面加上don't，

如： Don't be late for school.

Don't walk on the grass.

4.感嘆句

1) 感嘆句表達說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開(kāi)頭或引導。

感嘆詞What 強調部分(名詞) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)

如：What a mess picture it is!

What an exciting film we saw yesterday!

2) 感嘆詞How 強調部分(形容詞或副詞) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)

如：How wonderful the film is!

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